Being Moved by Unfamiliar Sad Music Is Associated with High Empathy.
Identifieur interne : 000C69 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000C68; suivant : 000C70Being Moved by Unfamiliar Sad Music Is Associated with High Empathy.
Auteurs : Tuomas Eerola [Finlande] ; Jonna K. Vuoskoski [Royaume-Uni] ; Hannu Kautiainen [Finlande]Source :
- Frontiers in psychology [ 1664-1078 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The paradox of enjoying listening to music that evokes sadness is yet to be fully understood. Unlike prior studies that have explored potential explanations related to lyrics, memories, and mood regulation, we investigated the types of emotions induced by unfamiliar, instrumental sad music, and whether these responses are consistently associated with certain individual difference variables. One hundred and two participants were drawn from a representative sample to minimize self-selection bias. The results suggest that the emotional responses induced by unfamiliar sad music could be characterized in terms of three underlying factors: Relaxing sadness, Moving sadness, and Nervous sadness. Relaxing sadness was characterized by felt and perceived peacefulness and positive valence. Moving sadness captured an intense experience that involved feelings of sadness and being moved. Nervous sadness was associated with felt anxiety, perceived scariness and negative valence. These interpretations were supported by indirect measures of felt emotion. Experiences of Moving sadness were strongly associated with high trait empathy and emotional contagion, but not with other previously suggested traits such as absorption or nostalgia-proneness. Relaxing sadness and Nervous sadness were not significantly predicted by any of the individual difference variables. The findings are interpreted within a theoretical framework of embodied emotions.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01176
PubMed: 27695424
PubMed Central: PMC5025521
Affiliations:
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Vuoskoski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Music, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Music, University of OxfordOxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Music, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Music, University of OxfordOxford</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of OxfordOxford</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kautiainen, Hannu" sort="Kautiainen, Hannu" uniqKey="Kautiainen H" first="Hannu" last="Kautiainen">Hannu Kautiainen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Helsinki Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in psychology</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-1078</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The paradox of enjoying listening to music that evokes sadness is yet to be fully understood. Unlike prior studies that have explored potential explanations related to lyrics, memories, and mood regulation, we investigated the types of emotions induced by unfamiliar, instrumental sad music, and whether these responses are consistently associated with certain individual difference variables. One hundred and two participants were drawn from a representative sample to minimize self-selection bias. The results suggest that the emotional responses induced by unfamiliar sad music could be characterized in terms of three underlying factors: Relaxing sadness, Moving sadness, and Nervous sadness. Relaxing sadness was characterized by felt and perceived peacefulness and positive valence. Moving sadness captured an intense experience that involved feelings of sadness and being moved. Nervous sadness was associated with felt anxiety, perceived scariness and negative valence. These interpretations were supported by indirect measures of felt emotion. Experiences of Moving sadness were strongly associated with high trait empathy and emotional contagion, but not with other previously suggested traits such as absorption or nostalgia-proneness. Relaxing sadness and Nervous sadness were not significantly predicted by any of the individual difference variables. The findings are interpreted within a theoretical framework of embodied emotions.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27695424</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-1078</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>7</Volume><PubDate><Year>2016</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in psychology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Psychol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Being Moved by Unfamiliar Sad Music Is Associated with High Empathy.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1176</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The paradox of enjoying listening to music that evokes sadness is yet to be fully understood. Unlike prior studies that have explored potential explanations related to lyrics, memories, and mood regulation, we investigated the types of emotions induced by unfamiliar, instrumental sad music, and whether these responses are consistently associated with certain individual difference variables. One hundred and two participants were drawn from a representative sample to minimize self-selection bias. The results suggest that the emotional responses induced by unfamiliar sad music could be characterized in terms of three underlying factors: Relaxing sadness, Moving sadness, and Nervous sadness. Relaxing sadness was characterized by felt and perceived peacefulness and positive valence. Moving sadness captured an intense experience that involved feelings of sadness and being moved. Nervous sadness was associated with felt anxiety, perceived scariness and negative valence. These interpretations were supported by indirect measures of felt emotion. Experiences of Moving sadness were strongly associated with high trait empathy and emotional contagion, but not with other previously suggested traits such as absorption or nostalgia-proneness. Relaxing sadness and Nervous sadness were not significantly predicted by any of the individual difference variables. The findings are interpreted within a theoretical framework of embodied emotions.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eerola</LastName><ForeName>Tuomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Music, Durham UniversityDurham, UK; Department of Music, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vuoskoski</LastName><ForeName>Jonna K</ForeName><Initials>JK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Music, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Music, University of OxfordOxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kautiainen</LastName><ForeName>Hannu</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Psychol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101550902</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-1078</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">being moved</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">emotion</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">empathy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">felt experience</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">individual differences</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">music</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">sadness</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27695424</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5025521</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01176</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2003 Sep;29(9):1190-201</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15189613</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Behav Brain Sci. 2005 Jun;28(3):313-50; 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